Production Drawing

Production drawing is a complete set of detail and assembly drawings for component/ part manufacturing .It contents draw orthographic views of each part and assembly.

Production drawing is defined as 'withdrawn (graphical) information, prepared by the designer for use by a team of construction or production, the main purpose is to determine the size, shape, location and production of buildings or components'. For example, if engineering drawings are required for the screw to be tied to a specific torque, the drawings will usually  intricate production tools that will be used for the binding screws, and how it should be intricate. If the screws in a convenient place might be too complicated images that fastening has to be done at the beginning of the assembly procedure, before access is limited.

Details of the material, number of parts required for assembly, etc., are provided in the title block of production drawing. Sub-assembly or major assembly of components will be assembled in which he also must be shown by production drawing.

"A picture or a component part that is referred to as image production". This is the official document to produce components on the shop floor. It also should mention no. parts needed to make the assembled unit, which in part was a member.

Microsoft and Yahoo Help Mozilla "force" Google Pay More

Google Pay More for Mozilla Firefox

Google is rumored to have poured funds amounting to 300 million U.S. dollars (or approximately USD 2.7 trillion) per year to "bind" Mozilla browser, Firefox.

A few days ago, Google announced a partnership with a contract extension for the Mozilla Firefox browser. With this contract, Google may become the default search engine in Mozilla Firefox browser and is entitled to share of each ad clicked Firefox users.

Before the contract was agreed upon, the impression gained is the only party that Mozilla misgivings when the contract is void. Because if Google did not renew his contract, Mozilla's revenue was only 19.7 million U.S. dollars. This calculation is only for 2010, this year the figure will certainly smaller.

Mozilla was not only a worry, Google is like having the upper hand is also experiencing the same thing. Because in the same time, Microsoft and Yahoo join Mozilla tries to seduce, in order to Bing and Yahoo Search could become the default search engine in Firefox.

As rumored AllThingsD, the entry of these two giants make the contract price of Google and Mozilla to soar. Google finally willing to pay Mozilla $ 300 million U.S. dollars per year for the next three-year contract.

Mozilla seems to have grateful to the success of Microsoft and Yahoo earned a contract with a very large value of Google.

What is a Boiler Steam Drum?

Steam Drum Boiler Diagram

A steam drum is a standard feature of the boiler water pipes. It is a reservoir of water / steam at the upper end of the tube of water. Drums keep the steam produced in the water tubes and act as a phase separator for mixed steam / water. Density difference between hot and cold water helps in the accumulation of -water/and "hot" saturated steam into the steam drum.

Steam Drum Design

Made of High Carbon Steel with a high tensile strength and work that involves a temperature of about 390oC and pressures well above 350 psi (2.4MPa). Separated vapor is pulled out from the top of the drum and distributed to the process. Further heating of the saturated vapor will make superheated steam is typically used to drive steam turbines. Saturated vapor is pulled from above the drum and re-enters the furnace through a superheater. Mixture of steam and water entering the steam drum through riser tubes, internal drum consisting of demister separates water droplets from steam to produce dry steam. Saturated water vapor at the bottom of the drum flows down through the downcomer pipe, usually heated, for the header and water drums. Accessories include a safety valve, water-level indicators and level controllers. The feed water is also fed to the boiler drum through the steam feed pipe extending inside the drum, along the steam drum.

Boiler Steam Drum 

A steam drum is used alone or in company mud-drum/feed water drum located on the lower level. A boiler with the steam drum and mud / water drum called a bi-drum boiler and steam drum boilers with only so-called mono-drum boiler. Construction of bi-drum boiler normally intended for low pressure boiler-rating while the mono-drum largely designed for high pressure ratings.

What is a Boiler Economizer?

Boiler Economizer Diagram Ilustration

Economizer is a mechanical device used to reduce energy consumption or perform other useful functions such as heating fluid.  Economizers recycle energy produced within a system or take advantage of differences in environmental temperature to achieve increased efficiency.

Boiler Economizer

Boiler economizers are heat exchange devices that heat a liquid, usually water, up to but usually does not exceed the boiling point of liquid. Economizers are so named because they can utilize the enthalpy of the fluid flow is hot, but not hot enough to be used in the boiler, so that the enthalpy recovery is more useful and improve boiler efficiency. They are a device fitted to a boiler which saves energy by using exhaust gas from the boiler to heat the cold water used to fill it.

Modern boilers, such as in coal power plants, still equipped with economizers that are descendants of the original design of the Green. In this context they are often referred to as the feed water heater and hot condensate from the turbine before it is pumped to the boiler.

Economizers are typically used as part of the heat recovery steam generators in combined cycle power plant. In the HRSG, water passes through economizer, boiler and superheater then later. It also prevents flooding economizer in the boiler with liquid water is too cold to boiling given flow rate and boiler design.

A typical application of economizers in steam powerplants to capture waste heat from boiler stack gases (exhaust gas) and transfer to the boiler feed water. This increases the temperature of boiler feed water, lowering the required energy input, in turn reducing the level required for firing the boiler rated output. Economizers lower the stack temperature can cause condensation of combustion gases and acid corrosion serious equipment damage if care is not taken in the design and material selection.

What is a Deaerator?

Deaerator system Ilustraion

Deaerator is a device that eliminates non-condensable gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in the feed water, to prevent corrosion of the feed water system in the System Power Equipment steam generation plants, the function of open type heat exchange for heating water, and continue Net Suction Head positive of the constant feed water pump.

deaerator system diagram

There are different types, all-in-one type of heater and storage tank, two-step spray tray type heaters & vertical - horizontal storage tank and heater horizontal - horizontal storage tanks, etc. 2-step spray & tray type deaerator is the most reliable know-how that the user can get specific performance for a specific load range.